Actinic keratoses, also known as solar keratoses, are rough, scaly spots on the skin caused by years of sun exposure. They are considered precancerous lesions, meaning they can sometimes develop into squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer.

The primary cause of AKs is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Tanning beds can also increase the risk.

AKs typically appear as: Small, rough, scaly, or crusty patches on the skin Pink, red, or skin-colored bumps May feel gritty or like sandpaper Often found on sun-exposed areas like the face, scalp, ears, hands, and arms

Anyone who has spent time in the sun can develop AKs, but the risk is higher for: People over 40 People with fair skin People with a history of sunburns People with weakened immune systems

AKs are precancerous, not cancer themselves. However, they can develop into squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated. It's important to have them checked by a dermatologist.

A dermatologist can usually diagnose AKs through a visual examination of the skin. Sometimes, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis or rule out skin cancer.

Several treatment options are available for AKs, including: Cryotherapy (freezing): A common and effective treatment that freezes and destroys the AK. Topical creams or gels: Medications applied to the skin that can destroy the abnormal cells. Chemical peels: Can remove the outer layer of skin and treat multiple AKs at once. Photodynamic therapy (PDT): A light-activated drug is applied to the skin, followed by exposure to a special light, which destroys the AK cells. Curettage and electrocautery: The AK is scraped off and the base is burned with an electric current. Laser therapy: Can target and destroy AK cells.

Yes, you can reduce your risk of developing AKs by: Limiting sun exposure, especially during peak hours (10 am - 4 pm). Wearing protective clothing, including a wide-brimmed hat. Using broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher daily, even on cloudy days. Avoiding tanning beds.

AKs are unlikely to go away on their own and may even progress to skin cancer if not treated. It's important to see a dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment.

You should see us if you notice any new or changing spots on your skin, especially if they are rough, scaly, or persistent. Early detection and treatment of AKs can help prevent the development of skin cancer. Regular skin checks with a dermatologist are recommended, especially if you have risk factors for skin cancer.